Ion exchange is a process that involves the reversible exchange of ions between a solid phase (such as a resin or zeolite) and a liquid phase (such as water). This process is commonly used in various applications, including water treatment, purification of chemicals, and separation of ions in analytical chemistry. In ion exchange, ions from the liquid phase are exchanged with ions of similar charge on the solid phase, based on the selectivity of the solid phase for different ions. This allows for the removal or exchange of unwanted ions from a solution, leading to purification or separation of desired ions. Ion exchange is a widely studied area in chemistry and materials science, with ongoing research focusing on improving the efficiency, selectivity, and sustainability of ion exchange processes. Additionally, ion exchange is also being explored for new applications, such as in energy storage devices and sensors.